Origin & History:
The Panja loom is a traditional handloom native to Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh, historically used to weave Dari (floor mats/rugs) and Farsa (a type of coarse cotton cloth). The weaving tradition dates back several centuries and is closely linked with the region’s Mughal and medieval heritage.
Artisan Communities: Local Muslim and Hindu weaver families residing in Fatehpur Sikri and nearby towns like Agra and Mathura
Geographic Spread: Uttar Pradesh: Primarily Fatehpur Sikri, Agra, Mathura region
Technique & Process:
1. Loom Setup: The Panja loom is a horizontal, ground-level handloom. It has a sturdy wooden frame with basic warp and weft tensioning mechanisms. The loom uses cotton yarns in warp and weft for durability.
2. Weaving Process: Warp threads are stretched tightly on the loom. Weft yarns are passed through the warp using a shuttle. Weaving produces a dense, coarse fabric ideal for floor use.
3. Materials: Coarse cotton yarns, often locally spun. Natural dyes or undyed cotton for a rustic look.
4. Finishing: The finished Dari or Farsa is beaten and compacted for strength. Edges are reinforced or finished with simple hems.
Materials & Motifs:
· Fabric: Coarse cotton yarn
· Colors: Mostly natural off-white, beige, or dyed in simple solid colors
· Motifs: Basic stripes, checks, or plain weave patterns
· Loom Type Used: Horizontal handloom set near ground level. Basic warp beam and cloth beam, no advanced mechanical parts. Manually operated with shuttle and heddle sticks.
Notable Use & Products:
Dari: Durable floor mats and carpets, used in homes, mosques, and courtyards. Farsa: Coarse cotton cloth for sacks, bags, and coverings
Cultural Significance:
The Panja loom weaving tradition is an important part of Fatehpur Sikri’s textile heritage, showcasing utilitarian craft linked to rural life and household needs. Dari weaving, in particular, highlights a sustainable craft using natural fibers, continuing despite industrial alternatives.